Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracInstall


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Timestamp:
Jan 22, 2024, 4:12:17 PM (3 months ago)
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trac
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  • TracInstall

    v3 v4  
    1 = Trac Installation Guide for 1.0
    2 
     1= Trac Installation Guide for 1.5
    32[[TracGuideToc]]
    43
    5 Trac is written in the Python programming language and needs a database, [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL], or [http://mysql.com/ MySQL]. For HTML rendering, Trac uses the [http://genshi.edgewall.org Genshi] templating system.
    6 
    7 Since version 0.12, Trac can also be localized, and there is probably a translation available in your language. If you want to use the Trac interface in other languages, then make sure you have installed the optional package [#OtherPythonPackages Babel]. Pay attention to the extra steps for localization support in the [#InstallingTrac Installing Trac] section below. Lacking Babel, you will only get the default English version.
    8 
    9 If you're interested in contributing new translations for other languages or enhancing the existing translations, then please have a look at [trac:wiki:TracL10N TracL10N].
    10 
    11 What follows are generic instructions for installing and setting up Trac. While you may find instructions for installing Trac on specific systems at [trac:TracInstallPlatforms TracInstallPlatforms] on the main Trac site, please '''first read through these general instructions''' to get a good understanding of the tasks involved.
     4Trac is written in the Python programming language and needs a database, [https://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [https://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL], or [https://mysql.com/ MySQL]. For HTML rendering, Trac uses the [http://jinja.pocoo.org Jinja2] templating system, though Genshi templates are supported until Trac 1.5.1.
     5
     6Trac can also be localized, and there is probably a translation available in your language. If you want to use the Trac interface in other languages, then make sure you have installed the optional package [#OtherPythonPackages Babel]. Pay attention to the extra steps for localization support in the [#InstallingTrac Installing Trac] section below. Lacking Babel, you will only get the default English version.
     7
     8If you're interested in contributing new translations for other languages or enhancing the existing translations, please have a look at [trac:wiki:TracL10N TracL10N].
     9
     10These are generic instructions for installing and setting up Trac. While you may find instructions for installing Trac on specific systems at [trac:TracInstallPlatforms TracInstallPlatforms], please '''first read through these general instructions''' to get a good understanding of the tasks involved.
    1211
    1312[[PageOutline(2-3,Installation Steps,inline)]]
    1413
    1514== Dependencies
    16 
    1715=== Mandatory Dependencies
    1816
    1917To install Trac, the following software packages must be installed:
    2018
    21  * [http://www.python.org/ Python], version >= 2.5 and < 3.0
    22    (note that we dropped the support for Python 2.4 in this release)
    23  * [http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools setuptools], version >= 0.6
    24  * [http://genshi.edgewall.org/wiki/Download Genshi], version >= 0.6
    25 
    26 You also need a database system and the corresponding python bindings. The database can be either SQLite, PostgreSQL or MySQL.
     19 * [https://www.python.org/ Python], version >= 3.5
     20 * [https://pypi.org/project/setuptools setuptools], version > 5.6
     21 * [https://pypi.org/project/Jinja2 Jinja2], version >= 2.9.3
     22
     23You also need a database system and the corresponding Python bindings. The database can be either SQLite, PostgreSQL or MySQL.
    2724
    2825==== For the SQLite database #ForSQLite
    2926
    30 As you must be using Python 2.5, 2.6 or 2.7, you already have the SQLite database bindings bundled with the standard distribution of Python: the `sqlite3` module.
    31 
    32 Optionally, you may install a newer version of [http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pysqlite pysqlite] than the one provided by the Python distribution. See [trac:PySqlite#ThePysqlite2bindings PySqlite] for details.
     27You already have the SQLite database bindings bundled with the standard distribution of Python (the `sqlite3` module).
     28
     29Optionally, you may install a newer version of [https://pypi.org/project/pysqlite pysqlite] than the one provided by the Python distribution. See [trac:PySqlite#ThePysqlite2bindings PySqlite] for details.
    3330
    3431==== For the PostgreSQL database #ForPostgreSQL
    3532
    3633You need to install the database and its Python bindings:
    37  * [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL], version 8.0 or later
    38  * [http://pypi.python.org/pypi/psycopg2 psycopg2], version 2.0 or later
     34 * [https://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL], version 9.1 or later
     35 * [https://pypi.org/project/psycopg2 psycopg2], version 2.5 or later
    3936
    4037See [trac:DatabaseBackend#Postgresql DatabaseBackend] for details.
     
    4239==== For the MySQL database #ForMySQL
    4340
    44 Trac works well with MySQL, provided you follow the guidelines:
    45 
    46  * [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] or [http://mariadb.org/ MariaDB], version 5.0 or later
    47  * [http://sf.net/projects/mysql-python MySQLdb], version 1.2.2 or later
    48 
    49 Given the caveats and known issues surrounding MySQL, read the [trac:MySqlDb] page before creating the database.
     41Trac works well with MySQL, provided you use the following:
     42
     43 * [https://mysql.com/ MySQL], version 5.0 or later
     44 * [https://pypi.org/project/PyMySQL PyMySQL]
     45
     46Given the caveats and known issues surrounding MySQL, read carefully the [trac:MySqlDb] page before creating the database.
    5047
    5148=== Optional Dependencies
    5249
    53 ==== Version Control System
    54 
    55 ===== Subversion
    56  * [http://subversion.apache.org/ Subversion], 1.5.x or later and the '''corresponding''' Python bindings. Older versions starting from 1.0, like 1.2.4, 1.3.2 or 1.4.2, etc. may still work. For troubleshooting information, check the [trac:TracSubversion#Troubleshooting TracSubversion] page.
    57 
    58 There are [http://subversion.apache.org/packages.html pre-compiled SWIG bindings] available for various platforms. (Good luck finding precompiled SWIG bindings for any Windows package at that listing. [trac:TracSubversion] points you to [http://alagazam.net Alagazam], which works for me under Python 2.6.)
    59 
    60 Note that Trac '''doesn't''' use [http://pysvn.tigris.org/ PySVN], neither does it work yet with the newer `ctype`-style bindings.
    61 
    62 '''Note:''' if using Subversion, Trac must be installed on the '''same machine'''. Remote repositories are currently [trac:ticket:493 not supported].
    63 
    64 ===== Git
    65  * [http://git-scm.com/ Git] 1.5.6 or later.
    66 
    67 More information is available on the [trac:TracGit] page.
    68 
    69 ===== Others
    70 
    71 Support for other version control systems is provided via third-parties. See [trac:PluginList#VersionControlSystems] and [trac:VersionControlSystem].
     50==== Subversion
     51
     52[https://subversion.apache.org/ Subversion], 1.14.x or later and the '''corresponding''' Python bindings.
     53
     54There are [https://subversion.apache.org/packages.html pre-compiled SWIG bindings] available for various platforms. See [trac:TracSubversion#GettingSubversion getting Subversion] for more information.
     55
     56{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
     57**Note:**
     58* Trac '''doesn't''' use [https://pypi.org/project/PySVN PySVN], nor does it work yet with the newer `ctype`-style bindings.
     59* If using Subversion, Trac must be installed on the '''same machine'''. Remote repositories are [trac:ticket:493 not supported].
     60}}}
     61
     62For troubleshooting information, see the [trac:TracSubversion#Troubleshooting TracSubversion] page.
     63
     64==== Git
     65
     66[https://git-scm.com/ Git] 1.5.6 or later is supported. More information is available on the [trac:TracGit] page.
     67
     68==== Other Version Control Systems
     69
     70Support for other version control systems is provided via third-party plugins. See [trac:PluginList#VersionControlSystems] and [trac:VersionControlSystem].
    7271
    7372==== Web Server
    7473
    75 A web server is optional because Trac has a server included, see the [#RunningtheStandaloneServer Running the Standalone Server] section below.
     74A web server is optional because Trac is shipped with a server included, see the [#RunningtheStandaloneServer Running the Standalone Server] section below.
    7675
    7776Alternatively you can configure Trac to run in any of the following environments:
    78  * [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] with
    79    - [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/ mod_wsgi], see [wiki:TracModWSGI] and
    80      http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac
     77 * [https://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] with
     78   - [https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi mod_wsgi], see [wiki:TracModWSGI] and
     79     [https://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac ModWSGI IntegrationWithTrac].
    8180   - [http://modpython.org/ mod_python 3.5.0], see TracModPython
    82  * a [http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI]-capable web server (see TracFastCgi)
    83  * an [http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html AJP]-capable web
    84    server (see [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp TracOnWindowsIisAjp])
    85  * a FastCGI and FastCGI-to-WSGI gateway (see [trac:TracOnWindowsIisWfastcgi])
    86  * a CGI-capable web server (see TracCgi), but //usage of Trac as a cgi script
    87    is highly discouraged//, better use one of the previous options.
    88    
     81 * a [https://fastcgi-archives.github.io FastCGI]-capable web server (see TracFastCgi)
     82 * an [https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html AJP]-capable web server (see [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp TracOnWindowsIisAjp])
     83 * Microsoft IIS with FastCGI and a FastCGI-to-WSGI gateway (see [trac:CookBook/Installation/TracOnWindowsIisWfastcgi IIS with FastCGI])
     84 * a CGI-capable web server (see TracCgi), '''but usage of Trac as a cgi script is highly discouraged''', better use one of the previous options.
     85
    8986==== Other Python Packages
    9087
    91  * [http://babel.edgewall.org Babel], version 0.9.5, 0.9.6 or >= 1.3
    92    needed for localization support
    93  * [http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ docutils], version >= 0.3.9
    94    for WikiRestructuredText.
    95  * [http://pygments.org Pygments] for
    96    [TracSyntaxColoring syntax highlighting].
    97    [http://silvercity.sourceforge.net/ SilverCity] and/or
    98    [http://gnu.org/software/enscript/enscript.html Enscript] may still be used
    99    but are deprecated and you really should be using Pygments.
    100  * [http://pytz.sf.net pytz] to get a complete list of time zones,
    101    otherwise Trac will fall back on a shorter list from
    102    an internal time zone implementation.
     88 * [http://babel.pocoo.org Babel], version >= 2.2, needed for localization support
     89 * [http://pytz.sourceforge.net pytz] to get a complete list of time zones, otherwise Trac will fall back on a shorter list from an internal time zone implementation. Installing Babel will install pytz.
     90 * [http://docutils.sourceforge.net docutils], version >= 0.14, for WikiRestructuredText.
     91 * [http://pygments.org Pygments], version >= 1.0, for [TracSyntaxColoring syntax highlighting].
     92 * [https://pypi.org/project/textile Textile], version >= 2.3, for rendering the [https://github.com/textile/python-textile Textile markup language].
     93 * [https://pypi.org/project/passlib passlib] on Windows to decode [TracStandalone#BasicAuthorization:Usingahtpasswdpasswordfile htpasswd formats] other than `SHA-1`.
     94 * [https://pypi.org/project/pyreadline pyreadline] on Windows for trac-admin [TracAdmin#InteractiveMode command completion].
    10395
    10496{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
     
    10698}}}
    10799
    108 Please refer to the documentation of these packages to find out how they are best installed. In addition, most of the [trac:TracInstallPlatforms platform-specific instructions] also describe the installation of the dependencies. Keep in mind however that the information there probably concern older versions of Trac than the one you're installing.
     100Please refer to the documentation of these packages to find out how they are best installed. In addition, most of the [trac:TracInstallPlatforms platform-specific instructions] also describe the installation of the dependencies. Keep in mind however that the information there ''probably concern older versions of Trac than the one you're installing''.
    109101
    110102== Installing Trac
     
    112104The [TracAdmin trac-admin] command-line tool, used to create and maintain [TracEnvironment project environments], as well as the [TracStandalone tracd] standalone server are installed along with Trac. There are several methods for installing Trac.
    113105
    114 It is assumed throughout this guide that you have elevated permissions as the `root` user, or by prefixing commands with `sudo`. The umask `0022` should be used for a typical installation on a Unix-based platform.
    115 
    116 === Using `easy_install`
    117 
    118 Trac can be installed from [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Trac PyPI] or the Subversion repository using [http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools setuptools].
    119 
    120 A few command-line examples:
    121 
    122  - Install the latest stable version of Trac:
    123  {{{#!sh
    124 $ easy_install Trac
    125 }}}
    126  - Install latest development version:
    127  {{{#!sh
    128 $ easy_install http://download.edgewall.org/trac/Trac-latest-dev.tar.gz
    129 }}}
    130    Note that in this case you won't have the possibility to run a localized version of Trac;
    131    either use a released version or install from source.
    132 
    133 More information can be found on the [trac:wiki:setuptools setuptools] page.
    134 
    135 {{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
    136 **Setuptools Warning:** If the version of your setuptools is in the range 5.4 through 5.6, the environment variable `PKG_RESOURCES_CACHE_ZIP_MANIFESTS` must be set in order to avoid significant performance degradation. More information may be found in [#DeployingTrac Deploying Trac].
    137 }}}
     106It is assumed throughout this guide that you have elevated permissions as the `root` user or by prefixing commands with `sudo`. The umask `0002` should be used for a typical installation on a Unix-based platform.
    138107
    139108=== Using `pip`
    140109
    141 'pip' is an easy_install replacement that is very useful to quickly install Python packages.
    142 To get a Trac installation up and running in less than 5 minutes:
    143 
    144 Assuming you want to have your entire pip installation in `/opt/user/trac`:
    145 
    146  -
    147  {{{#!sh
    148 $ pip install trac psycopg2
    149 }}}
    150 or:
    151  -
    152  {{{#!sh
    153 $ pip install trac mysql-python
    154 }}}
    155 
    156 Make sure your OS specific headers are available for pip to automatically build PostgreSQL (`libpq-dev`) or MySQL (`libmysqlclient-dev`) bindings.
    157 
    158 pip will automatically resolve all dependencies (like Genshi, pygments, etc.), download the latest packages from pypi.python.org and create a self contained installation in `/opt/user/trac`.
    159 
    160 All commands (`tracd`, `trac-admin`) are available in `/opt/user/trac/bin`. This can also be leveraged for `mod_python` (using `PythonHandler` directive) and `mod_wsgi` (using `WSGIDaemonProcess` directive).
    161 
    162 Additionally, you can install several Trac plugins (listed [https://pypi.python.org/pypi?:action=browse&show=all&c=516 here]) through pip.
    163 
    164 === From source
    165 
    166 Using the python-typical setup at the top of the source directory also works. You can obtain the source for a .tar.gz or .zip file corresponding to a release (e.g. `Trac-1.0.tar.gz`) from the [trac:TracDownload] page, or you can get the source directly from the repository. See [trac:TracRepositories#OfficialSubversionrepository TracRepositories] for details.
    167 
    168 {{{#!sh
    169 $ python ./setup.py install
    170 }}}
    171 
    172 You will need root permissions or equivalent for this step.
    173 
    174 This will byte-compile the Python source code and install it as an .egg file or folder in the `site-packages` directory
    175 of your Python installation. The .egg will also contain all other resources needed by standard Trac, such as `htdocs` and `templates`.
    176 
    177 If you install from source and want to make Trac available in other languages, make sure Babel is installed. Only then, perform the `install` (or simply redo the `install` once again afterwards if you realize Babel was not yet installed):
    178 {{{#!sh
    179 $ python ./setup.py install
    180 }}}
    181 
    182 Alternatively, you can run `bdist_egg` and copy the .egg from `dist/` to the place of your choice, or you can create a Windows installer (`bdist_wininst`).
     110`pip` is the modern Python package manager and is included in Python distributions. `pip` will automatically resolve the //required// dependencies (Jinja2 and setuptools) and download the latest packages from pypi.org.
     111
     112You can also install directly from a source package. You can obtain the source in a tar or zip from the [trac:TracDownload] page. After extracting the archive, change to the directory containing `setup.py` and run:
     113
     114{{{#!sh
     115$ pip install .
     116}}}
     117
     118`pip` supports numerous other install mechanisms. It can be passed the URL of an archive or other download location. Here are some examples:
     119
     120* Install the latest development version from a tar archive:
     121{{{#!sh
     122$ pip install https://download.edgewall.org/trac/Trac-latest-dev.tar.gz
     123}}}
     124* Install the unreleased 1.4-stable from subversion:
     125{{{#!sh
     126$ pip install svn+https://svn.edgewall.org/repos/trac/branches/1.4-stable
     127}}}
     128* Install the latest development preview (//not recommended for production installs//):
     129{{{#!sh
     130$ pip install --find-links=https://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/TracDownload Trac
     131}}}
     132
     133The optional dependencies can be installed from PyPI using `pip`:
     134{{{#!sh
     135$ pip install babel docutils pygments textile
     136}}}
     137
     138The optional dependencies can alternatively be
     139specified using the `extras` keys in the setup file:
     140{{{#!sh
     141$ pip install Trac[babel,rest,pygments,textile]
     142}}}
     143
     144`rest` is the extra that installs the `docutils`
     145dependency.
     146
     147Include `mysql` or `psycopg2-binary` in the
     148list if using the MySQL or PostgreSQL database.
     149
     150Additionally, you can install several Trac plugins from PyPI (listed [https://pypi.org/search/?c=Framework+%3A%3A+Trac here]) using pip. See TracPlugins for more information.
    183151
    184152=== Using installer
    185153
    186 On Windows Trac can be installed using the exe installers available on the [trac:TracDownload] page. Installers are available for the 32 and 64 bit versions of Python. Make sure to use the installer that matches the architecture of your Python installation.
     154On Windows, Trac can be installed using the exe installers available on the [trac:TracDownload] page. Installers are available for the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Python. Make sure to use the installer that matches the architecture of your Python installation.
    187155
    188156=== Using package manager
    189157
    190 Trac may be available in the package repository for your platform. Note however, that the version provided by the package manager may not be the latest release.
    191 
    192 === Advanced `easy_install` Options
    193 
    194 To install Trac to a custom location, or find out about other advanced installation options, run:
    195 {{{#!sh
    196 $ easy_install --help
    197 }}}
    198 
    199 Also see [http://docs.python.org/2/install/index.html Installing Python Modules] for detailed information.
    200 
    201 Specifically, you might be interested in:
    202 {{{#!sh
    203 $ easy_install --prefix=/path/to/installdir
    204 }}}
    205 
    206 or, if installing Trac on a Mac OS X system:
    207 {{{#!sh
    208 $ easy_install --prefix=/usr/local --install-dir=/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
    209 }}}
    210 
    211 '''Note''': If installing on Mac OS X 10.6 running {{{ easy_install http://svn.edgewall.org/repos/trac/trunk }}} will install into {{{ /usr/local }}} and {{{ /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages }}} by default.
    212 
    213 The above will place your `tracd` and `trac-admin` commands into `/usr/local/bin` and will install the Trac libraries and dependencies into `/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages`, which is Apple's preferred location for third-party Python application installations.
     158Trac may be available in your platform's package repository. However, your package manager may not provide the latest release of Trac.
    214159
    215160== Creating a Project Environment
    216161
    217 A [TracEnvironment Trac environment] is the backend where Trac stores information like wiki pages, tickets, reports, settings, etc. An environment is basically a directory that contains a human-readable [TracIni configuration file], and other files and directories.
     162A [TracEnvironment Trac environment] is the backend where Trac stores information like wiki pages, tickets, reports, settings, etc. An environment is a directory that contains a human-readable [TracIni configuration file], and other files and directories.
    218163
    219164A new environment is created using [TracAdmin trac-admin]:
     
    222167}}}
    223168
    224 [TracAdmin trac-admin] will prompt you for the information it needs to create the environment, such as the name of the project and the [TracEnvironment#DatabaseConnectionStrings database connection string]. If you're not sure what to specify for one of these options, just press `<Enter>` to use the default value.
    225 
    226 Using the default database connection string in particular will always work as long as you have SQLite installed.
    227 For the other [trac:DatabaseBackend database backends] you should plan ahead and already have a database ready to use at this point.
    228 
    229 Since 0.12, Trac doesn't ask for a [TracEnvironment#SourceCodeRepository source code repository] anymore when creating an environment. Repositories can be [TracRepositoryAdmin added] afterwards, and support for specific version control systems is disabled by default.
    230 
    231 Also note that the values you specify here can be changed later by directly editing the [TracIni conf/trac.ini] configuration file.
    232 
    233 {{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
    234 **Filesystem Warning:** When selecting the location of your environment, make sure that the filesystem on which the environment directory resides supports sub-second timestamps (i.e. **not** `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX), as the modification time of the `conf/trac.ini` file will be monitored to decide whether an environment restart is needed or not. A too coarse-grained timestamp resolution may result in inconsistencies in Trac < 1.0.2. The best advice is to opt for a platform with sub-second timestamp resolution, regardless of the Trac version.
    235 }}}
     169[TracAdmin trac-admin] will prompt you for the information it needs to create the environment: the name of the project and the [TracEnvironment#DatabaseConnectionStrings database connection string]. If you're not sure what to specify for any of these options, just press `<Enter>` to use the default value.
     170
     171Using the default database connection string will always work as long as you have SQLite installed. For the other [trac:DatabaseBackend database backends] you should plan ahead and already have a database ready to use at this point.
     172
     173Also note that the values you specify here can be changed later using TracAdmin or directly editing the [TracIni conf/trac.ini] configuration file.
    236174
    237175Finally, make sure the user account under which the web front-end runs will have '''write permissions''' to the environment directory and all the files inside. This will be the case if you run `trac-admin ... initenv` as this user. If not, you should set the correct user afterwards. For example on Linux, with the web server running as user `apache` and group `apache`, enter:
    238176{{{#!sh
    239 $ chown -R apache.apache /path/to/myproject
    240 }}}
    241 
    242 The actual username and groupname of the Apache server may not be exactly `apache`, and are specified in the Apache configuration file by the directives `User` and `Group` (if Apache `httpd` is what you use).
     177$ chown -R apache:apache /path/to/myproject
     178}}}
     179
     180The actual username and groupname of the apache server may not be exactly `apache`, and are specified in the Apache configuration file by the directives `User` and `Group` (if Apache `httpd` is what you use).
    243181
    244182{{{#!div class=important
     
    248186== Deploying Trac
    249187
    250 {{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
    251 **Setuptools Warning:** If the version of your setuptools is in the range 5.4 through 5.6, the environment variable `PKG_RESOURCES_CACHE_ZIP_MANIFESTS` must be set in order to avoid significant performance degradation.
    252 
    253 If running `tracd`, the environment variable can be set system-wide or for just the user that runs the `tracd` process. There are several ways to accomplish this in addition to what is discussed here, and depending on the distribution of your OS.
    254 
    255 To be effective system-wide a shell script with the `export` statement may be added to `/etc/profile.d`. To be effective for a user session the `export` statement may be added to `~/.profile`.
    256 {{{#!sh
    257 export PKG_RESOURCES_CACHE_ZIP_MANIFESTS=1
    258 }}}
    259 
    260 Alternatively, the variable can be set in the shell before executing `tracd`:
    261 {{{#!sh
    262 $ PKG_RESOURCES_CACHE_ZIP_MANIFESTS=1 tracd --port 8000 /path/to/myproject
    263 }}}
    264 
    265 If running the Apache web server, !Ubuntu/Debian users should add the `export` statement to `/etc/apache2/envvars`. !RedHat/CentOS/Fedora should can add the `export` statement to `/etc/sysconfig/httpd`.
    266 }}}
    267 
    268188=== Running the Standalone Server
    269189
     
    273193}}}
    274194
    275 Then, fire up a browser and visit `http://localhost:8000/`. You should get a simple listing of all environments that `tracd` knows about. Follow the link to the environment you just created, and you should see Trac in action. If you only plan on managing a single project with Trac you can have the standalone server skip the environment list by starting it like this:
     195Then, open a browser and visit `http://localhost:8000/`. You should get a simple listing of all environments that `tracd` knows about. Follow the link to the environment you just created, and you should see Trac in action. If you only plan on managing a single project with Trac you can have the standalone server skip the environment list by starting it like this:
    276196{{{#!sh
    277197$ tracd -s --port 8000 /path/to/myproject
     
    280200=== Running Trac on a Web Server
    281201
    282 Trac provides various options for connecting to a "real" web server: 
     202Trac provides various options for connecting to a "real" web server:
    283203 - [TracFastCgi FastCGI]
    284  - [wiki:TracModWSGI Apache with mod_wsgi] 
     204 - [wiki:TracModWSGI Apache with mod_wsgi]
    285205 - [TracModPython Apache with mod_python]
    286  - //[TracCgi CGI]: should not be used, as it degrades performance//
    287 
    288 Trac also supports [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp AJP] which may be your choice if you want to connect to IIS. Other deployment scenarios are possible: [trac:TracNginxRecipe nginx], [http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/wiki/Example#Traconapacheinasub-uri uwsgi], [trac:TracOnWindowsIisIsapi Isapi-wsgi] etc.
     206 - [TracCgi CGI] //(should not be used, as the performance is far from optimal)//
     207
     208Trac also supports [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp AJP] which may be your choice if you want to connect to IIS. Other deployment scenarios are possible: [trac:TracNginxRecipe nginx], [https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#Traconapacheinasub-uri uwsgi], [trac:TracOnWindowsIisIsapi Isapi-wsgi] etc.
    289209
    290210==== Generating the Trac cgi-bin directory #cgi-bin
    291211
    292 In order for Trac to function properly with FastCGI you need to have a `trac.fcgi` file and for mod_wsgi a `trac.wsgi` file. These are Python scripts which load the appropriate Python code. They can be generated using the `deploy` option of [TracAdmin trac-admin].
    293 
    294 There is, however, a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem. The [TracAdmin trac-admin] command requires an existing environment to function, but complains if the deploy directory already exists. This is a problem, because environments are often stored in a subdirectory of the deploy. The solution is to do something like this:
    295 {{{#!sh
    296 $ mkdir -p /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project
    297 $ trac-admin /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project initenv
    298 $ trac-admin /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project deploy /tmp/deploy
    299 $ mv /tmp/deploy/* /usr/share/trac
    300 }}}
    301 
    302 Don't forget to check that the web server has the execution right on scripts in the `/usr/share/trac/cgi-bin` directory.
     212Application scripts for CGI, FastCGI and mod-wsgi can be generated using the [TracAdmin trac-admin] `deploy` command:
     213[[TracAdminHelp(deploy)]]
     214
     215Grant the web server execution right on scripts in the `cgi-bin` directory.
     216
     217For example, the following yields a typical directory structure:
     218{{{#!sh
     219$ mkdir -p /var/trac
     220$ trac-admin /var/trac/<project> initenv
     221$ trac-admin /var/trac/<project> deploy /var/www
     222$ ls /var/www
     223cgi-bin htdocs
     224$ chmod ugo+x /var/www/cgi-bin/*
     225}}}
    303226
    304227==== Mapping Static Resources
     
    306229Without additional configuration, Trac will handle requests for static resources such as stylesheets and images. For anything other than a TracStandalone deployment, this is not optimal as the web server can be set up to directly serve the static resources. For CGI setup, this is '''highly undesirable''' as it causes abysmal performance.
    307230
    308 Web servers such as [http://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] allow you to create //Aliases// to resources, giving them a virtual URL that doesn't necessarily reflect their location on the file system. We can map requests for static resources directly to directories on the file system, to avoid Trac processing the requests.
     231Web servers such as [https://httpd.apache.org/ Apache] allow you to create //Aliases// to resources, giving them a virtual URL that doesn't necessarily reflect their location on the file system. We can map requests for static resources directly to directories on the file system, to avoid Trac processing the requests.
    309232
    310233There are two primary URL paths for static resources: `/chrome/common` and `/chrome/site`. Plugins can add their own resources, usually accessible at the `/chrome/<plugin>` path.
    311234
    312 A single `/chrome` alias can used if the static resources are extracted for all plugins. This means that the `deploy` command must be executed after installing or updating a plugin that provides static resources, or after modifying resources in the `$env/htdocs` directory. This is probably appropriate for most installations but may not be what you want if, for example, you wish to upload plugins through the //Plugins// administration page.
    313 
    314 The resources are extracted using the [TracAdmin trac-admin]` <environment> deploy` command:
    315 [[TracAdminHelp(deploy)]]
    316 
    317 The target `<directory>` will contain an `htdocs` directory with:
     235A single `/chrome` alias can used if the static resources are extracted for all plugins. This means that the `deploy` command (discussed in the previous section) must be executed after installing or updating a plugin that provides static resources, or after modifying resources in the `$env/htdocs` directory. This is probably appropriate for most installations but may not be what you want if, for example, you wish to upload plugins through the //Plugins// administration page.
     236
     237The `deploy` command creates an `htdocs` directory with:
    318238 - `common/` - the static resources of Trac
    319239 - `site/` - a copy of the environment's `htdocs/` directory
     
    333253Assuming the deployment has been done this way:
    334254{{{#!sh
    335 $ trac-admin /var/trac/env deploy /path/to/shared/trac
     255$ trac-admin /var/trac/<project> deploy /var/www/trac
    336256}}}
    337257
    338258Add the following snippet to Apache configuration, changing paths to match your deployment. The snippet must be placed ''before'' the `ScriptAlias` or `WSGIScriptAlias` directive, because those directives map all requests to the Trac application:
    339259{{{#!apache
    340 Alias /trac/chrome /path/to/trac/htdocs
    341 
    342 <Directory "/path/to/www/trac/htdocs">
     260Alias /trac/chrome /var/www/trac/htdocs
     261
     262<Directory "/var/www/trac/htdocs">
    343263  # For Apache 2.2
    344264  <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
     
    377297}}}
    378298
    379 Another alternative to aliasing `/trac/chrome/common` is having Trac generate direct links for those static resources (and only those), using the [[TracIni#trac-section| [trac] htdocs_location]] configuration setting:
     299Another alternative to aliasing `/trac/chrome/common` is having Trac generate direct links for those static resources (and only those), using the [TracIni#trac-htdocs_location-option trac.htdocs_location] configuration setting:
    380300{{{#!ini
    381301[trac]
     
    396316== Configuring Authentication
    397317
    398 Trac uses HTTP authentication. You'll need to configure your webserver to request authentication when the `.../login` URL is hit (the virtual path of the "login" button). Trac will automatically pick the `REMOTE_USER` variable up after you provide your credentials. Therefore, all user management goes through your web server configuration. Please consult the documentation of your web server for more info.
    399 
    400 The process of adding, removing, and configuring user accounts for authentication depends on the specific way you run Trac. 
     318Trac uses HTTP authentication. You'll need to configure your web server to request authentication when the `.../login` URL is hit (the virtual path of the "login" button). Trac will automatically pick the `REMOTE_USER` variable up after you provide your credentials. Therefore, all user management goes through your web server configuration. Please consult the documentation of your web server for more info.
     319
     320The process of adding, removing, and configuring user accounts for authentication depends on the specific way you run Trac.
    401321
    402322Please refer to one of the following sections:
    403323 * TracStandalone#UsingAuthentication if you use the standalone server, `tracd`.
    404  * [wiki:TracModWSGI#ConfiguringAuthentication TracModWSGI#ConfiguringAuthentication] if you use the Apache web server, with any of its front end: `mod_wsgi` of course, but the same instructions applies also for `mod_python`, `mod_fcgi` or `mod_fastcgi`.
    405  * TracFastCgi if you are using another web server with FCGI support, such as Cherokee, Lighttpd, !LiteSpeed, nginx.
    406 
    407 The following document also contains some useful information for beginners: [trac:TracAuthenticationIntroduction].
     324 * [wiki:TracModWSGI#ConfiguringAuthentication TracModWSGI#ConfiguringAuthentication] if you use the Apache web server, with any of its front end: `mod_wsgi`, `mod_python`, `mod_fcgi` or `mod_fastcgi`.
     325 * TracFastCgi if you're using another web server with FCGI support (Cherokee, Lighttpd, !LiteSpeed, nginx)
     326
     327[trac:TracAuthenticationIntroduction] also contains some useful information for beginners.
    408328
    409329== Granting admin rights to the admin user
    410 
    411330Grant admin rights to user admin:
    412331{{{#!sh
     
    414333}}}
    415334
    416 This user will have an "Admin" entry menu that will allow you to administrate your Trac project.
    417 
    418 == Finishing the install
    419 
    420 === Enable version control components
    421 
    422 Support for version control systems is provided by optional components in Trac and the components are disabled by default //(since 1.0)//. Subversion and Git must be explicitly enabled if you wish to use them. See TracRepositoryAdmin for more details.
    423 
    424 The version control systems are enabled by adding the following to the `[components]` section of your [TracIni#components-section trac.ini], or enabling the components in the "Plugins" admin panel:
    425 
    426 {{{#!ini
    427 [components]
    428 tracopt.versioncontrol.svn.* = enabled
    429 }}}
    430 
    431 {{{#!ini
    432 [components]
    433 tracopt.versioncontrol.git.* = enabled
    434 }}}
    435 
    436 After enabling the components, repositories can be configured through the //Repositories// admin panel or by editing [TracIni#repositories-section trac.ini]. Automatic changeset references can be inserted as ticket comments by configuring [TracRepositoryAdmin#Automaticchangesetreferencesintickets CommitTicketUpdater].
    437 
    438 === Using Trac
     335This user will have an //Admin// navigation item that directs to pages for administering your Trac project.
     336
     337== Configuring Trac
     338
     339Configuration options are documented on the TracIni page.
     340
     341TracRepositoryAdmin provides information on configuring version control repositories for your project.
     342
     343In addition to the optional version control backends, Trac provides several optional features that are disabled by default:
     344* [TracFineGrainedPermissions#AuthzPolicy Fine-grained permission policy]
     345* [TracPermissions#CreatingNewPrivileges Custom permissions]
     346* [TracTickets#deleter Ticket deletion]
     347* [TracTickets#cloner Ticket cloning]
     348* [TracRepositoryAdmin#CommitTicketUpdater Ticket changeset references]
     349
     350== Using Trac
    439351
    440352Once you have your Trac site up and running, you should be able to create tickets, view the timeline, browse your version control repository if configured, etc.
     
    447359
    448360----
    449 See also: [trac:TracInstallPlatforms TracInstallPlatforms], TracGuide, TracUpgrade, TracPermissions
     361See also: [trac:TracInstallPlatforms TracInstallPlatforms], TracGuide, TracUpgrade